What is a proper way to address someone in a formal email?

Addressing someone in a formal email requires a greeting that conveys respect and professionalism. Using "Dear [Name]" is the most appropriate choice because it establishes a formal tone and is a widely accepted salutation in business communication.

This greeting is rooted in traditional forms of address and is suitable for a variety of formal contexts, whether it’s a cover letter, a business proposal, or correspondence with someone in a position of authority. It sets a respectful tone from the outset, helping to establish a positive rapport with the recipient.

The other greetings, while friendly, do not carry the same level of formality. For instance, "Hey [Name]" and "Hi [Name]" might be suitable for casual or familiar communications, but they lack the formality needed in professional settings. "To [Name]" also feels incomplete and lacks the warmth and respect that “Dear” conveys. Therefore, using "Dear [Name]" is the best practice for formal email communications.