Which of the following can hinder effective communication?

Lack of non-verbal cues can significantly hinder effective communication because non-verbal elements, such as facial expressions, body language, and eye contact, play a crucial role in conveying meaning and context. These cues enhance verbal communication by providing additional layers of information, such as emotions, attitudes, and intentions. When these non-verbal signals are absent or unclear, the listener may misinterpret the speaker's message or fail to grasp the emotional nuances, leading to confusion and misunderstandings.

For instance, if someone conveys important information without appropriate non-verbal cues, such as maintaining eye contact or using expressive gestures, the message may come across as disengaged or insincere. This lack of connection can weaken the overall impact of the communication, making it harder for the audience to relate to or respond to what is being said. Therefore, effective communication requires not only clear verbal expression but also rich non-verbal cues to facilitate understanding and engagement between the speaker and the audience.